Densities of Metals/M Values for Test Strips

If your metal is not listed below this is how you find the M Value:
M=Deposit Modulus of Elasticity ÷ Substrate Modulus of Elasticity

Copper Test Strips PN: 1194 the substrate is 17,500,000
Pure Nickel Test Strips PN: 270NI the substrate is 30,000,500

Note: The values for M in the DSA Formula S=UKM÷ 3T

S = Internal deposit stress in megapascals (MPa as dynes/cm²),
T = Substrate thickness in millimeters,
E = Modulus of elasticity of the substrate as determined by the manufacturer of the material in MPa as dynes/cm², E Substrate= modulus of elasticity of the substrate material,
δ = Deflection = 1/2 the distance between the two test strip leg tips in millimeters (a dial calipers is recommended for this measurement). Note that inches x 25.40 = millimeters),
L = 76.2 mm, the substrate length in millimeters,
t = Deposit thickness in millimeters, and
M = Modulus of elasticity of the deposit ÷ that of the substrate, ED÷ ES

S = UKM divided by 3T~
U = Total number of increments spread between the test strip leg tips
T = Deposit average thickness in inches
M = Modulus of Elasticity, dynes/cm², of the deposit divided by that of the substrate
K = Calibration constant value provided by the manufacture
S = Internal deposit stress in pounds per square inch, PSI

The DSA formulas negate the need for use of the Stoney formula. The DSA formulas that apply when the Modulus of Elasticity of the deposit does not approximate that of the substrate are as follows:

S = UKM divided by 3T ~
S = Internal deposit stress in pounds per square inch, PSI
K = Calibration constant value provided by the manufacture
M = Modulus of Elasticity, dynes/cm², of the deposit divided by that of the substrate: M=ED÷ES,
U = Total number of increments spread between the test strip leg tips
T = Deposit average thickness in inches.

How to get the T
T = W ÷ D(7.74cm²)(2.54 cm/inch) = inches
where
T = the deposit thickness
D = the deposit density in g/cm³

Calculations How to get the “M value” for copper deposits using PN: 1194 Test Strips for example are as follows:
EDeposit = 16,000,000
ESubstrate = 17,500,000
Solving for M = EDeposit ÷ ESubstrate = 16,000,000 ÷ 17,500,000 = 0.9142
M = 0.9142
M = the correction factor for the difference in the modulus of elasticity between the deposit and that of the substrate material.