Cyanide Copper Baths
| Concentration, g/l | Strike | Rochelle | High Efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|
| CuCN | 15 | 45 | 75 |
| NaCN | 28 | 56 | 100 |
| KCN | 133 | ||
| Free NaCN | 11 | 6 | |
| Free KCN | 25 | ||
| Cathode ASF | 10 – 30 | 10 – 60 | 10 – 100 |
| Temperature (°F) | 120 – 145 | 129 – 160 | 140 – 180 |
| Cathode Efficiency (%) | 30 – 60 | 30 – 50 | 90 – 99 |
Pyrophosphate Copper Baths
| Concentrations, g/l | General Purpose | Printed-Circuit |
|---|---|---|
| Copper | 20 – 38 | 20 – 33 |
| Pyrophosphate | 125 – 250 | 130 – 250 |
| Nitrate | 5 – 10 | 5 – 10 |
| Ammonia | 1 – 3 | 1 – 3 |
| Oxalate | 15 – 30 | 15 – 30 |
| Orthophosphate | 115 | 40 |
| pH | 8 – 9 | 8 – 9 |
| Temperature (°F) | 120 – 140 | 120 – 140 |
| Cathode ASF | 5 – 65 | 10 – 80 |
Note: Throwing power and current efficiency drop sharply with increasing current density.
Acid Copper Sulfate Baths
| Concentrations, g/l | General Purpose | Printed-Circuit | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-Throw | High-Speed | ||
| Copper Sulfate | 190-250 | 60-90 | 80-135 |
| Sulfuric Acid | 45-90 | 150-225 | 185-260 |
| Chloride Ion (ppm) | 20-80 | 30-80 | 40-80 |
| Temperature (°F) | 70-100 | 70-90 | 70-109 |
| Cathode ASF * | 20-40 | 15-50 | 50-200 |
| Cathode Efficiency (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Voltage | 1-10 | 5-12 | 5-12 |
*Dependent on the degree of agitation
Hard Chrome Baths
| Concentrations, oz/gal | Sulfate | Fluoride/Sulfate | Acid/ Sulfate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chromic Acid | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Sulfate | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.35 |
| CrO3:SO4 ratio | 100:1 | 200:1 | 90:1 |
| Appearance | Semi-bright | Bright | Very Bright |
| Micro-cracks/inch | 0-1,250 | 1,250-2,500 | 2,500-5,000 |
| Temperature (°F) | 130 | 130 | 140 |
| Cathode ASF | 150-580 | 150-860 | 150-860 |
| Cathode Efficiency (%) | 10-13 | 22-25 | 23-26 |
Decorative Hex Chrome Baths
| Type | Single - Catalyst | Dual - Catalyst | Triple - Catalyst |
|---|---|---|---|
| CrO3, g/L | 450-500 | 180-400 | 250 |
| Catalyst Type | Sulfat | Sulfate / fluoride | Sulfate / fluoride / choice |
| Temperature (°F) | 100 | 100-150 | 90-150 |
| Cathode ASF | 80-120 | 100-150 | 90-150 |
| Cathode Eff.(%) | 8 | 12-18 | 20-25 |
Chloride Zinc Baths
| Bath Type | All Potassium | Low Ammonium | All Ammonium |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc (oz/gal) | 3-5 | 2.5-4.5 | 2.0-4.5 |
| NH4Cl(oz/gal) | 4-8 | 18-22 | |
| KCN (oz/gal) | 25-30 | 16-20 | |
| Boric Acid (oz/gal) | 3-5 | ||
| Temperature (°F) | 70-130 | 80-140 | 85-140 |
| Cathode ASF | 1-25 | 1-30 | 1-35 |
| Cathode Efficiency (%) | 95-100 | 95-100 | 95-100 |