Plating Bath Parameters

Cyanide Copper Baths

Concentration, g/l	Strike	Rochelle	High Efficiency
CuCN	15	45	75
NaCN	28	56	100
KCN			133
Free NaCN	11	6
Free KCN			25
Cathode ASF	10 – 30	10 – 60	10 – 100
Temperature (°F)	120 – 145	129 – 160	140 – 180
Cathode Efficiency (%)	30 – 60	30 – 50	90 – 99

Pyrophosphate Copper Baths

Note: Throwing power and current efficiency drop sharply with increasing current density.

Acid Copper Sulfate Baths

*Dependent on the degree of agitation

Hard Chrome Baths

Concentrations, oz/gal	Sulfate	Fluoride/Sulfate	Acid/ Sulfate
Chromic Acid	32	32	32
Sulfate	0.32	0.16	0.35
CrO3:SO4 ratio	100:1	200:1	90:1
Appearance	Semi-bright	Bright	Very Bright
Micro-cracks/inch	0-1,250	1,250-2,500	2,500-5,000
Temperature (°F)	130	130	140
Cathode ASF	150-580	150-860	150-860
Cathode Efficiency (%)	10-13	22-25	23-26

Decorative Hex Chrome Baths

Type	Single - Catalyst	Dual - Catalyst	Triple - Catalyst
CrO3, g/L	450-500	180-400	250
Catalyst Type	Sulfat	Sulfate / fluoride	Sulfate / fluoride / choice
Temperature (°F)	100	100-150	90-150
Cathode ASF	80-120	100-150	90-150
Cathode Eff.(%)	8	12-18	20-25

Chloride Zinc Baths

Bath Type	All Potassium	Low Ammonium	All Ammonium
Zinc (oz/gal)	3-5	2.5-4.5	2.0-4.5
NH4Cl(oz/gal)		4-8	18-22
KCN (oz/gal)	25-30	16-20
Boric Acid (oz/gal)	3-5
Temperature (°F)	70-130	80-140	85-140
Cathode ASF	1-25	1-30	1-35
Cathode Efficiency (%)	95-100	95-100	95-100